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1962 - 1969
The Internet is first conceived in the early '60s. Under
the leadership of the Department of Defense's Advanced
Research Project Agency (ARPA), it grows from a paper
architecture into a small network (ARPANET) intended
to promote the sharing of super-computers amongst researchers
in the United States.
1962
The RAND Corporation begins research into robust, distributed
communication networks for military command and control.
1965-
ARPA sponsors research into a "cooperative network
of time-sharing computers."
1967-
Delegates at a symposium for the Association for Computing
Machinery in Gatlinburg, TN discuss the first plans
for the ARPANET.
1969-
Researchers at four US campuses create the first hosts
of the ARPANET, connecting Stanford Research Institute,
UCLA, UC Santa Barbara, and the University of Utah.
1970 - 1973
-The ARPANET is a success from the very beginning. Although
originally designed to allow scientists to share data
and access remote computers, email quickly becomes the
most popular application. The ARPANET becomes a high-speed
digital post office as people use it to collaborate
on research projects and discuss topics of various interests.
1971-
The ARPANET grows to 23 hosts connecting universities
and government research centers around the country.
1972-
The InterNetworking Working Group becomes the first
of several standards-setting entities to govern the
growing network. Vinton Cerf is elected the first chairman
of the INWG, and later becomes known as a "Father
of the Internet."
1973-
The ARPANET goes international with connections to University
College in London, England and the Royal Radar Establishment
in Norway.
1974 - 1981
The general public gets its first vague hint of how
networked computers can be used in daily life as the
commercial version of the ARPANET goes online. The ARPANET
starts to move away from its military/research roots.
1974
Bolt, Beranek & Newman opens Telnet, the first commercial
version of the ARPANET.
1976
Queen Elizabeth goes online with the first royal email
message.
1979
Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis, two grad students at Duke
University, and Steve Bellovin at the University of
North Carolina establish the first USENET newsgroups.
Users from all over the world join these discussion
groups to talk about the net, politics, religion and
thousands of other subjects.
1981
ARPANET has 213 hosts. A new host is added approximately
once every 20 days.
1982 - 1987
Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf are key members of a team which
creates TCP/IP, the common language of all Internet
computers. For the first time the loose collection
of
networks which made up the ARPANET is seen as an "internet",
and the Internet as we know it today is born. The mid-80s
marks a boom in the personal computer and super-minicomputer
industries. The combination of inexpensive desktop
machines
and powerful, network-ready servers allows many companies
to join the Internet for the first time. Corporations
begin to use the Internet to communicate with each
other
and with their customers.
1982
The term "Internet" is used for the first
time.
1984
William Gibson coins the term "cyberspace"
in his novel "Neuromancer." The number of
Internet hosts exceeds 1,000. 1986 Case Western Reserve
University in Cleveland, Ohio creates the first "Freenet" for
the Society for Public Access Computing. 1987 The number
of Internet hosts exceeds 10,000.
1988 - 1990
By 1988 the Internet is an essential tool for communications,
however it also begins to create concerns about privacy
and security in the digital world. New words, such
as "hacker," "cracker" and" electronic
break-in", are created. These new worries are dramatically
demonstrated on Nov. 1, 1988 when a malicious program
called the "Internet Worm" temporarily disables
approximately 6,000 of the 60,000 Internet hosts.
1988
The Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) is formed
to address security concerns raised by the Worm.
1989
System administrator turned author, Clifford Stoll,
catches a group of Cyber spies, and writes the best-seller "The Cuckoo's Egg." The
number of Internet hosts exceeds 100,000.
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